Map Scale and Its types in Geography

Maps are an essential tool in geography, allowing us to visualize the world around us. Map scales are an important part of this process, as they allow us to measure distances and areas accurately. In this article, we will discuss what map scales are, the different types of map scales, their advantages and disadvantages, and how to use them.

What is Scale in Geography?

Map scale is a measure of the relationship between distances on a map and the corresponding distances in the real world. It is usually expressed as a ratio, such as 1:50,000, which means that one unit on the map is equal to 50,000 units in the real world. This ratio can also be expressed as a fraction, such as 1/50,000, or as a verbal scale, such as “1 inch equals 50,000 inches.” WATCH VIDEO LECTURE ON MAP SCALE or ITS TYPES.

Types of Map Scales

There are three main types of map scales: verbal scale, ratio fraction scale, and graphical scale.

Verbal Scale:

This type of scale uses words to express the relationship between distances on a map and the corresponding distances in the real world. For example, “1 inch equals 50,000 inches” is a verbal scale.

Ratio Fraction Scale:

This type of scale uses a ratio to express the relationship between distances on a map and the corresponding distances in the real world. For example, 1:50,000 is a ratio fraction scale.

Graphical Scale:

This type of scale uses a bar or line to express the relationship between distances on a map and the corresponding distances in the real world. For example, a bar or line on a map that is 1 inch long may represent 50,000 inches in the real world.

Small Scale and Large Scale

Map scales can also be divided into small scale and large scale. Small scale maps have a ratio of 1:1,000,000 or higher,

while large scale maps have a ratio of 1:50,000 or lower. Small scale maps are used to show a large area, such as a country or continent, while large scale maps are used to show a small area, such as a city or town.

Advantages of Using Map Scales

Map scales are useful for measuring distances and areas accurately. They can also be used to compare distances and areas between different maps.

Disadvantages of Using Map Scales

The main disadvantage of using map scales is that they can be difficult to interpret. It can be difficult to understand the relationship between distances on a map and the corresponding distances in the real world.

Conclusion

Map scales are an important tool in geography, allowing us to measure distances and areas accurately. There are three main types of map scales: verbal scale, ratio fraction scale, and graphical scale. Map scales can also be divided into small scale and large scale. Understanding and using map scales can be difficult, but with practice, it can become easier.

Cuba landscape

Cuba Country

Cuba is the big country in the Caribbean by land area. It is the main island and 16^th  largest island in the world.

A fistful of archipelagos ring from coastline north and south.

Isla de la Juventud, or “Isle of Youth” are the 2^nd bigger Cuban island and the 17^th largest island in the West Indies. ( Did you want to know what is Landscape?? )

Cuba’s land is comparatively flat, moving gradually into hills, consider a few elevations of limestone shown to the right. Cuba’s shore areas are the hilliest.

In the Sierra de los Organos of the far-northwest, the landscape is hilly with a few lower berth mountains. In the southwest, the Sierra Maestra is a natural elevation range that emergence sharply from the coast. Placed there, Pico Turquino at 6,650 ft (1,999 m), is the higher point in Cuba.

Other most mountain ranges of the north are the Sierra Cristal (southeast), the Escambray Mountains (central) and the Sierra del Rosario in the northwest.

Considering its general size Cuba has small inland water region. Those of note exclude Laguna de Leche at 67.2 sq km (25.9 sq mi), and the man-made Zaza Reservoir, at 113.5 sq km (43.8 sq mi).

Cuba has about 200 small rivers as well as many constrictive streams that run dry in summer. The country’s longest river is the Cauto that flows for 230 mi (370 km) from its rootage in the Sierra Maestra.

 

Earth internal structure

Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun at a distance of about 150 million kilometers (93.2 million miles). It takes 365.256 days for the Earth to travel around the Sun. The diameter of the earth is  12,756 kilometers (7,973 miles).Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to hold life. Our planet’s rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extended magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars. Earth’s atmosphere protects us from meteors, most of which burn up before they can strike the surface.

Earth is a old English word for land.it belong to galaxy local group. cluster Virgo and super cluster.it is the only planet that hold life. 

WATCH COMPLETE LECTURE ON EARTH STRUCTURE.

Facts about earth:

• sun is not move but other planets are moving.
• It is the third planet and fifth largest planet.
• Its distance from the sun is 149600000 km. Its mass is 5.972 * 10²⁴ kg.
• The Earth was formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago
•  It is the only known planet to support life.

Earth History:

People thing that earth is flat but Aristotle give theory that earth is spherical and the diameter of earth at pole 12715 km(minor axis) at equator its diameter is 12763 km(major axis).

Structure of earth:

Earth divided into four layers:

1) crust  of the earth

2) mantle  of the earth

3) inner core  of the earth

4) outer core of the earth

Crust of the earth

It is outer part of earth.There are two different types of crust: thin oceanic crust that underlies the ocean basins and thicker continental crust that underlies the continents. These two different types of crust are made up of different types of rock. The thin oceanic crust is composed of primarily of basalt and the thicker continental crust is composed primarily of granite. The low density of the thick continental crust allows it to “float” in high relief on the much higher density mantle below also called SIMA layer and SIAL layer.

Mantle of the earth

Earth’s mantle is thought to be composed mainly of olivine-rich rock. The temperature is lowest immediately beneath the crust and increases with depth. The highest temperatures occur where the mantle material is in contact with the heat-producing core. This steady increase of temperature with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. The geothermal gradient is responsible for different rock behaviors and the different rock behaviors are used to divide the mantle into two different zones. Rocks in the upper mantle are cool and brittle, while rocks in the lower mantle are hot and soft  but not molten.Rocks in the upper mantle are brittle enough to break under stress and produce earthquakes. 

Outer core of the earth

Earth’s Core is thought to be composed mainly of an iron and nickel alloy. This composition is assumed based upon calculations of its density and upon the fact that many meteorites are iron-nickel alloys.The outer core is a liquid because the temperatures there are adequate to melt the iron-nickel alloy also called NIFI layer.It is laso contain lighter element such as Si,S,C or O.its ranges is 2900 km to 5150 km and 2300 km thick.

OTHERS USEFULL VUDEOS…

References:

http://solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm

https://readingshouts.wordpress.com/2008/01/21/the-earth/

https://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/Astro/solar/earth.htm

https://geology.com/nsta/earth-internal-structure.shtml

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-characteristics-of-the-mantle

Geography Defination

Like other subjects defination for geography is also present.There are many definations of geography which is prsented by different geography scholars.Every geographer or scientist describes geography to his own words and percption.so defination in geography,defination for geography,geographic defination and defination of geography by different scholars are here…so have a look:

“Geography is a scientifice or systematic study of aerial variations and siminlarities from place to place on the surface of the earth.”

Geography defination:

Geography is the field of science which deals with the spatial distribution of physical and human features / phenomena / objects /places/ events and things ,is called geography.

Defination of geography by different scholars

Every geographer or scientist describes geography to his own words and percption.There are varios defination for geography but some famouse are:

Vidal da la Blaches:

“Geography is the science of places.”

Tylor:

“Geography is the correlation science.”

Bowman:

“Geography tells us what is where,why and what its made of.”

Hartshorne:

“Geography is discipline that seeks to describes and interpret,the variable character from place to place of the earth as the worls of man.”

Ullman:

“Geography is the interaction between spaces”

Ptolemy:

“The purpose of geography is to provide ‘a view of the whole’ earth by mapping the location of places.”

Alexander Von Humboldt:

“Geography is a synthesizing discipline that connects the general with the special through measurement, mapping, and a regional emphasis.”

scope of geography

Mostly people are asked to specify the quality of geography, the common reaction is it concentration on the locations of countries, capital cities, rivers, and oceans. Although the location of places is surely a part of geography, but the field of geography consider much more. No doubt you may be stunned to learn that whatever you like to do and wherever you live, geography is always become a part of our everyday life.

Geography is an ancient field of study that analyze the spatial concept of the Earth’s surface and how they differ from one place to another. Derived from the Greek words for “Earth description,” the idea of geography has likely been a central part of the human happening for 10,000 years.

for thousands of years at least, geography was a descriptive discipline that centered on the unspecialized location and character of places and things. With the passing of time geography has become a part of many subjects and branches. Scientists became experts in areas such as geology, meteorology, ecology, and human cultural differences. Interest in geography grew especially between the 15th and 19th centuries when explorers like Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan James Cook, Charles Darwin, and Lewis and Clark began to analyze parts of the world that were previously undiscovered to people of European traveler.These scientist and many others work hard to discover the strange and unusual places and animal that is much interested to common man.The new and modern knowledge about geography is only gained from this time(ancient time) to the development of modern world and life.

The development trend in geography continued to this present time. Now every geography consider themselves as physical or human geographer. Because geography broadly divided into two these Major branches. These two branches sub field interconnected to each other. For example to understand the urban settlement of Africa we would be fully aware from soil type,its geomorphology, vegetation pattern, climate and also regional cultural differences. Geographer always interested to find out new things but to find they always keep in mind the FIVE THEME OF GEOGRAPHY. There are three words that makes the geography very special that is WHAT,WHERE,WHEN.but also a word HOW that explain the answer of causes.

 

what is geography

The word geography is derived from Greek scholar named ERATOSTHENES and coined the term GEOGRAPHY in the third century.Geography is a combination of two words( Geo and graph).so Geo means Earth and Graph mean description.so literally its mean is a discussion about the earth.Geography subject is more than to the name of capitals and maps.Geography is a science an all-encompassing science that seeks to bridge and understand through an understanding of LOCATION and PLACES, the world physical and human features.GEOGRAPHY TEACHES US WHERE THINGS ARE AND HOW THEY GOT THERE; IT LOOKS AT THE SPATIAL(space and place) CONNECTION BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THE EARTH

Although “geography” is a Modern discipline in which scientist use space-age research equipment, but its roots extend to the very down in ancient Greek era.Many people Called geography as MOTHER OF ALL SCIENCES.this title is well suited and fitting because all other discipline took root from its existence.geography is not a analytic tool but also a spatial science because it deals with people, landscape, money, and other infinite uses that also deal with social science like History, psychology and anthropology and also physical science e.g geology and weather and climate.it’s also deal with technical science e.g Geography information system (GIS), geodesy and also remote sensing.

Modern geography studies the earth as the home of Man.It attempts to find out the relationship between Man and Environment.In other words ,it studies man’s adoption to the environment,in which he lives and works.The geography follow a systematic approach a scientific discipline,which gives the following answer:What is the cause of the variations in the distribution of phenomena,we observe to exist in geographic space?What are the dynamics that shape the spatial organization of each part of the earth’s surface?these are among the central questions,that geographers have asked for centuries and continue to pose today.

The Journey Begins

Thanks for joining me!

Good company in a journey makes the way seem shorter. — Izaak Walton